This paper compares kindergarten classrooms between 1998 and
2010 using two large nationally-representative datasets. We show substantial
changes in each of the five dimensions considered: kindergarten teachers’
beliefs about school readiness, time spent on academic and non-academic
content, classroom organization, pedagogical approach, and use of standardized
assessments. Kindergarten teachers in the later period held far higher academic
expectations for children both prior to kindergarten entry and during the
kindergarten year. They devote more time to advanced literacy and math content,
teacher-directed instruction and assessment, and substantially less time to
art, music, science and child-selected activities. Changes were most pronounced
for schools serving high proportions of low-income and non-white children.
Bassok, D., Latham, S., & Rorem, A. (2016). Is
kindergarten the new first grade?: The changing nature of kindergarten in the
age of accountability. AERA Open, 1(4), 1-31,
http://dx.doi.org/.1177/2332858415616358.
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