One study found that holding kids back at third
grade when they don't meet the academic standards will give them a boost in
achievement, by some measures. The researchers found large positive effects
on achievement that fade out entirely when retained students are compared to
their same-age peers, but remain substantial through grade 10 when compared to
students in the same grade. Being retained in third grade due to missing the
promotion standard increases students' grade point averages and leads them to
take fewer remedial courses in high school but has no effect on their
probability of graduating.
Schwerdt, G., West, M. R., & Winters, M.
A. (2017). The effects of
test-based retention on student outcomes over time: Regression discontinuity
evidence from Florida. Journal of Public
Economics, 152, 154-169. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2017.06.004.
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