Study on Teens Online

 A new report shows most US teens use YouTube and TikTok daily, with about one in five saying they are online almost constantly. The survey also found rising use of AI chatbots and notable demographic differences in platform habits, prompting continued concerns from experts about sleep, social skills and compulsive screen use.

 Faverio, M., & Sidoti, O.  (2025). Teens, social media and AI chat bots. 2025. Pew Research Center.

https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2025/12/09/teens-social-media-and-ai-chatbots-2025/

10 2025 studies

 https://www.edutopia.org/visual-essay/the-10-most-significant-education-studies-of-2025?utm_content=linkpos2&utm_campaign=weekly-2025-12-10&utm_medium=email&utm_source=edu-newsletter

10 top education studies in 2025 (according to Edutopia)

In Memoriam: It’s Over For Cell Phones

What happens when you finally remove the distracting devices? A sweeping new study weighs in.

After installing over 1,000 wooden boxes across 10 college campuses in India, researchers embarked on a massive, randomized controlled trial to determine the impact of cell phone bans on academic performance. Over the course of a semester, almost 17,000 students either marched into class with their phones or deposited them in the new wooden receptacles and—suddenly, heartbreakingly Instagram-less—took their seats.

At scale, phone-free classrooms produced better academic outcomes, especially among new and struggling students. Phone bans “can substantially improve student grades” and “narrow achievement gaps,” the researchers concluded, providing conclusive evidence of a causal link between cell phone restrictions and better grades. A 2025 study of phone bans in Florida high schools, which appeared a few months later, also reported academic improvements and significant reductions in unexcused absences—though troubling, short-term patterns of racialized discipline were initially reported as the bans got off the ground.

The will to ban phones in U.S. schools has been slow to coalesce but has recently gained momentum. In 2025, according to Ballotpedia, 22 states passed new laws restricting phone use in schools.

More states should listen to teachers and follow suit. Beyond improved grades, the researchers in India reported “fewer instances of disruptive behavior” in classrooms, “less peer-to-peer conversation unrelated to course material,” and better student-teacher relationships. Kids who attended class without phones, meanwhile, became converts: As a group, they were “significantly more supportive of phone-use restrictions” going forward—signaling a “convergence of academic performance” and “increased student receptivity” that highlights the potential of phone bans to transform school cultures, the researchers say.

Cracking the Code of Math Word Problems

Two new studies reveal what “capable problem solvers” do when presented with difficult word problems.

In everything from recipes to social media algorithms, important mathematical principles are at work below the surface of everyday life. But even simple math word problems that attempt to capture this reality can derail students as they wade through a tangle of numbers, operations, and story details.

After analyzing 1,000 solutions to middle school math problems, researchers found that students often stumbled when trying to translate narrative text into manageable, computable steps. What may seem like a straightforward scenario—calculating the gas, food, and lodging costs for a family road trip, for example—can exert “high demands on working memory” as information outstrips cognitive bandwidth, the researchers explain in a 2025 study.

In the study, the most common technique—highlighting key elements of a word problem—was only marginally helpful. But when used as the first step in a broader “organizational and elaborative” approach that included sketching diagrams, categorizing information, and annotating the problems with arrows or labels, students were better able to see how the pieces fit together. Kids who used these note-taking strategies were 29 percent more likely to solve a problem than those who simply highlighted details, the study found.

What’s the secret behind the strategies? Math word problems often present more information than students can hold in working memory. “Capable problem solvers” offload information to sketch pads and margin notes and reintegrate it later, researchers explain in a different 2025 study—allowing savvy students to refocus their attention on a smaller set of factors as they work to translate a story into solvable math.

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The Microbreaks Break Through

New research suggests—yet again—that short brain breaks dramatically improve student attention and performance.

Sustained student attention, which researchers often refer to as “vigilance,” is the horse that never wins. In a 2025 study of attentional limits in several UK classrooms, in fact, researchers detected the first signs of wobbly student focus a mere five minutes into a lecture. Attention then steadily declined for the rest of the lesson.

In search of possible solutions, the researchers enrolled 253 sophomore psychology undergraduates in 90-minute lectures that were interrupted by 90-second microbreaks every 10 minutes, or by a single 10-minute break at the halfway point. Microbreaks were casual affairs, consisting of activities like “closing your eyes, quietly speaking with fellow classmates, stretching, or drinking water.” On quizzes that measured attention at regular lecture intervals, students in the microbreak group outperformed their counterparts by significant margins—up to 76 percent better—virtually every step of the way.

The attempt to master challenging material always leads to mind-wandering—there are no cures. Historical studies of attention spans place the limits at various thresholds, from eight to 10 to 25 minutes. Instead of trying to “overcome these constraints,” the researchers say, educators should “acknowledge the theoretical impossibility of perfect sustained attention” and choose strategies that are compatible with “inherent neural, biological, and cognitive limitations.”

When in doubt, chunk learning into smaller parts, incorporate regular movement or chat breaks, or change learning modalities to allow kids to rest and reset, perhaps as often as every 10–15 minutes.

Early Handwriting Leads to (Much) Better Reading

When asked to name or write letters, preliterate kids who wrote by hand crushed kids who typed.

In the debate over screens versus paper, new research tips the scale dramatically, revealing that writing by hand—but not typing—helps build the cognitive framework young students rely on to decode letters and recognize words.

In a study published earlier this year, researchers asked 5-year-old pre-readers to study new letters and two-syllable words, then practice them through handwriting or typing. After several short training sessions, the children were tested on how well they could name the letters, write them from dictation, and recognize and decode the new words.

Across nearly every measure, the children who wrote letters by hand demonstrated superior alphabetic and orthographic skills. When asked to name letters, handwriters achieved 92 percent accuracy, compared to 75 percent for typers, and the discrepancy was even greater for letter writing: Children who practiced by hand wrote the new letters accurately more than twice as often—64 percent of the time, compared to 28 percent for their typing peers.

In recent years, neuroscientists also peeked inside the brains of older students as they used pencils and keyboards. A 2020 study of seventh graders revealed telltale traces of deeper learning when kids wrote words instead of typing them, and a study published earlier this year confirms that handwriting is an “important tool for learning and memory retention” that benefits students across all ages, including middle and high school. 

As screens increasingly claim space in children’s daily routines, the studies argue for a return to older technologies. For the youngest readers and writers, the need for a steady diet of pencil and paper work is inarguable. Meanwhile, middle and high school students can move between tools like Google Docs and old-fashioned paper notebooks, gaining crucial experience with modern technologies while periodically slowing down to engage in methodical, embodied thinking.

When to Resist the Urge to Help Students

Too much struggle can be deflating. But just enough can improve a child’s sense of competence and promote academic risk-taking.

Feeling competent is crucial to well-being, but for young learners it tends to come at a price: a dose of (healthy) frustration. 

Now a new study confirms that when adults spot a struggling student and intervene too quickly, it can signal that solutions are beyond the child’s ability—and dampen their confidence and willingness to take intellectual risks when new challenges arise.

As early as age 5, children across a range of studies reviewed by the researchers became “less motivated to persist on a difficult task” after an adult stepped in to help solve a puzzle, suggesting that even “well-intentioned behavior toward children can backfire” and sabotage important skill-building opportunities. Likewise, when 6- to 11-year-old girls received “unsolicited help” from an adult during a paper-folding exercise, they reported feeling “less smart afterward.” 

The impulse to rescue students from confusion and frustration is hard to ignore, but real learning often happens in the difficult moments just before we do. When tempted to step in, educators might consider other scaffolds like “providing hints or asking questions,” the researchers suggest, pointing kids in the right direction without doing the thinking for them. Offering a few useful stepping stones in lieu of answers, the research reveals, can preserve independence and foster self-sufficiency.

AI Takes a Big Bite Out of Special Ed Paperwork

According to special education teachers surveyed in a new study, AI-generated IEPs saved time without sacrificing quality.

Special education teachers often face an overwhelming volume of paperwork, from drafting IEPs to logging weekly data on student progress and tracking learning accommodations. 

That’s precious time that could be reallocated to working directly with kids. In a 2025 study, a team of researchers asked experienced K–12 special education teachers to write an IEP goal based on a brief description of a student’s disability, past performance, and areas of need. The same teachers then used ChatGPT to generate an IEP goal by providing basic information about a student’s learning differences. 

After analyzing both sets of goals on six dimensions including clarity, measurability, and timeliness, the researchers found “no statistically significant difference in quality” between the AI-generated versions and those written entirely by teachers. The teachers, however, had a more favorable impression: Most said that the ChatGPT goals were “either of the same or better quality than they think a special education teacher… would have written,” and viewed AI as a tool they could use to improve efficiency.

Recalling the hours she spent drafting documents for her students, Danielle Waterfield—the study’s lead author and a former special education teacher we interviewed for this article—said that her time with AI convinced her of the tech’s potential to relieve that administrative burden and shift special education teachers from paperwork to what really counts: “face-to-face time with their students.”

Blissed-Out Kids

Thirty minutes of daily recess is not enough to keep elementary students relaxed and ready for schoolwork, according to a new study.

Decades ago, according to a June 2025 study, the U.S. had a “simple philosophy” on school recess that recognized outdoor play as “essential for healthy and happy children” and honored the principle by setting aside 60 minutes for daily recess. In the ensuing years, the researchers say, a creeping tide of academic expectations led to more seat time and testing, undermining the quality and quantity of free play in schools.

The cumulative impact is no joke. To test a theory linking a lack of playtime to chronic stress in kids, researchers conducted a novel experiment, comparing 130 fourth-grade volunteers who received either 30 or 45 minutes of daily recess during the academic year. Hair samples of the children were then analyzed for cortisol levels, providing a unique biological measure of chronic rather than short-term stress. Students in the 45-minute play group had 68 percent less cortisol stored in hair strands—from head to toe, they were chill.

Despite the surprising results, the researchers—who say that recess should be frequent, unstructured, and outdoors—aren’t really going out on a limb. 

More independent play yields happier, more socially competent children, according to an ever-expanding body of research. An exhaustive 2023 study that combed through 50 years of historical records, for example, concluded that kids in the past spent more time outdoors and derived long-term benefits from opportunities to “play, roam, and engage in other activities independent of direct oversight and control by adults.” On the question of play, it might be time to turn back the clock.

A Final Word on the Value of Relationships

Two comprehensive new studies confirm what teachers already suspect—that trust plus high standards is the engine that propels classroom performance.

From kindergarten through high school, students spend roughly 15,000 hours with teachers, making the quality of those relationships a crucial factor in learning. This year, two studies covering millions of school-aged kids resoundingly affirm the point.

In the first, a team of researchers analyzed 70 years of studies encompassing more than 2.6 million K–12 students and concluded that trusting, supportive student-teacher relationships were linked to a wide range of benefits across grade levels: higher academic achievement, improved behavior, better executive function and self-control, and greater feelings of belonging, motivation, and well-being. Positive relationships were equally important for girls and boys, the researchers noted, but may have outsized benefits “for students in middle and high school [when] compared to younger children.”

Meanwhile, a 2025 meta-analysis of 40 studies found that comprehensive social and emotional programs in grades 1–12 have a clear impact on academics, enough to improve overall academic achievement by 8.4 percentile points. “Students who feel a sense of belonging within the school community are more successful academically,” the researchers note, pointing to the crucial role that teachers play in creating a culture that helps students reach their full potential.

Relationships before rigor holds true, then. The two studies are a powerful reminder that social cohesion in classrooms—the sense of belonging that flourishes when teachers cultivate trust with students, maintain consistent support, and hold high expectations—may be one of the most reliable levers for improving learning outcomes.

Teaching Might be One of the Most Complicated Jobs in the World

Above all, teaching is deeply, messily human. It takes tons of practice to get it right.

Thrust into the chaos of real classrooms, pre-service teachers may look back at their training and wonder if too much time was spent learning about conceptual models—and not enough time practicing everyday teacher moves.

Researchers wondering the same thing compared “traditional” teacher prep programs, which emphasize reading and discussion of theoretical frameworks, with “practice-based” approaches that focus on expert observation and role-playing in simulated classroom environments. Watching videos of master teachers and then “rehearsing” in the presence of coaches might be especially beneficial for pre-service teachers, the authors hypothesized, because the approach allows for “feedback in the moment” along with quick hints on “how to elevate instruction.”

In the end, practice trumped theory. When attempting to elicit and respond to correct and incorrect answers in elementary math—by helping adult actors playing students to solve single-digit problems, for example—prospective teachers who had analyzed teacher moves and then actively rehearsed them with coaches were more proficient than those who had merely discussed possible strategies.

Teaching dozens, or even hundreds, of students is mind-numblingly complicated: Kids process information at different speeds, possess wildly disparate skills in reading and math, and sometimes come to school grumpy, fidgety, or even desperately hungry. To get learning off the ground under those circumstances, as so many teachers do every day, theory is insufficient. Regular practice, access to inspiring mentors, time for planning, and plenty of encouragement and patience from administrators and peers is the path to improving one of the most challenging jobs in the world.

Writers Using ChatGPT Are Strangers to Their Own Thinking

Minutes after completing personal essays using ChatGPT, authors remembered almost nothing they “wrote.”

Buried in the appendix of a study Edutopia covered last year was a troubling detail about how roughly 1,000 high school students had used AI to complete grade-level math problems. Given free rein with ChatGPT, ninth, 10th, and 11th graders had engaged in only superficial conversations with the software; among the most frequent student queries were “can u solve this question?” and “what is the answer?”

The results were unsurprising: AI users performed well in practice sessions, but then quickly forgot most of what they’d learned and bombed a closed-book test on the material. 

Now a 2025 MIT study of older students wired up to EEG machines as they wrote essays reveals a similar pattern. College-aged students who were given access to ChatGPT as they responded to provocative questions tended to “follow the thinking” of the machine, produced “statistically homogenous essays,” and exhibited brain activity that was localized and poorly coordinated. Stunningly, minutes later, only 17 percent of the ChatGPT users could recall a single sentence from their essays. Students who used search engines or wrote essays without any assistance fared much better, recalling sentences at rates of 83 and 89 percent, respectively.

It’s not as cut-and-dried as it sounds; the how and when of AI usage seems to matter a great deal. Several recent studies conclude that AI tutors designed to withhold answers and ask probing questions, for example, make excellent study partners. And in the MIT writing study, the researchers found a silver lining: Authors who initially wrote their own essays managed to use AI effectively during a later round of revision. To help students get better results, educators should consider “combining AI tool assistance with tools-free learning phases,” the researchers suggest.

Despite the sense of inevitably around AI, surrender isn’t the answer. ELA teachers are right to ask which writing skills must be safeguarded—from brainstorming to outlining to writing good transitions—and they are perfectly right to limit or prohibit the use of AI as students practice those skills. If students never do it, they’ll never learn it.

Media Literacy Report

The first-ever statewide initiative to survey media literacy in schools providew an action plan of recommendations to advance media literacy efforts. This initiative was done in collaboration with the Media Education Lab and the Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education. It draws on a year-long study that included interviews with educators, input from national experts, and survey responses from Massachusetts teachers.

The results are clear: educators see media literacy as essential, and they’re already incorporating core practices like media analysis, student media creation, and inquiry-based research, with a strong interest in expanding instruction for the youngest learners. But the report also shows what’s missing—system-wide training, clear guidance, and equitable access—especially as AI rapidly changes the media environment students navigate every day.

“This report provides a practical roadmap for Massachusetts and other states who want to prioritize comprehensive media literacy education,” said Kyra Brissette, CEO of Media Literacy Now. “As we look to 2026, we are excited to champion these policy recommendations in Massachusetts and nationwide to ensure every student learns to think critically, evaluate information, and engage safely and confidently in today’s digital world.”

Media Literacy Now. (2025). Media Literacy in Massachusetts: A Landscape Scan and Policy Recommendations,

https://medialiteracynow.org/ma_dese/

High school AI use study

AI use in U.S. high schools has become “fully embedded in how students respond to homework and other assignments” and raises issues on the value of homework assignments. “The percentage of high school students who report using generative AI for schoolwork is growing, increasing from an already high 79% to 84% between January and May of this year, according to surveys conducted by College Board, the nonprofit that manages much of the nation's standardized tests, including the SAT. That means increasing numbers of students are assigning their own homework to AI – even if it puts learning at peril. AI can solve a math problem and also show the work step by step. It can summarize and analyze a reading passage. It can write an entire essay, in ways increasingly difficult to spot. …” Teachers are finding alternate ways to develop in-class and out-of-class assignments. (Los Angeles Times via PressReader, Oct. 25, 2025).

 U.S. high school students’ use of generative artificial intelligence: New evidence from high school students, parents and educators. By Alexandra Adair, et al. College Board Research. Oct. 2025

Social media use impact on preteens study

 

A recent study found that preteens who use social media more frequently perform worse on reading, vocabulary and memory tests than those who use it less. The study, which used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study, found that even low levels of social media use can negatively affect cognitive abilities.

Nagata JM, Wong JH, Kim KE, et al. Social Media Use Trajectories and Cognitive Performance in Adolescents. Journal of the American Medical Association.. doi:10.1001/jama.2025.16613

Full-time School Librarians Study

 

This study examines the impact of school librarian full-time equivalent (FTE) levels on student achievement in Missouri using state-level assessment data. Results indicated that schools with full-time librarians had significantly higher proficiency rates compared to schools with part-time or no librarians. Furthermore, the effect sizes demonstrated the positive impact of having a school librarian on student achievement across school levels and content areas. This study provides evidence supporting the importance of school librarians in enhancing student performance on state-level assessment

Burress, R., Atkins, C., McDonald, B., & Burress, D. (2023). The power of full-time certified school librarians in Missouri: Boosting student achievement across disciplines. School Libraries Worldwide, 28(2), 1-18.

https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/slw/index.php/slw/article/download/8695/5189

Recruitment and Retention of Black Female School Librarians Study

A recent study used interviews and research methodology to analyze recruitment and retention rates of Black women in the school librarian profession. The researcher identified three themes from this study: pathways to school librarianship, significance of representation, and workplace challenges for Black women who are school librarians. The research suggests potential actionable steps in recruitment and retention for Black female school librarians, and highlights the need for additional research with more participants in future studies.

Richardson, C. (2025). Perspectives of Black female school librarians on recruitment and retention. School Library Research. 

https://www.ala.org/sites/default/files/2025-09/johnson.pdf

Book banning impact study

A recent study "discusses how book bans are more than censorship—they’re legislated trauma. Drawing on critical race theory and trauma-informed research, the article shows how removing texts that reflect marginalized identities silences voices, erodes belonging, and inflicts harm on students’ well-being. By framing bans as microaggressions with lasting psychological and physical effects, [The author] reveals them as deliberate assaults on dignity, safety, and identity." (from ILA.org)

Hannegan-Martinez, S. (2025). Legislating trauma: Book bans, educational gag orders, and microaggressions. Reading Research Quarterly, 60(4). https://ila.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/rrq.70046

AI and Discovery Systems Report

 “To better understand the specific areas of interest and concern among participants in the discovery ecosystem, the ODI conducted a survey of constituents in September–October 2024, following several months of planning. The findings from that survey, detailing the hopes and fears of libraries and content providers regarding the impact of AI on content discovery, are detailed in the report. The report also covers the specific areas of work that the ODI will be taking on in response over the months to come.” National Information Standards Organization

National Information Standards Organization. (2025). Generative Artificial Intelligence and the NISO Open Discovery Initiative. NISO

https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/m0fs2pqtaqp2mkbdd35o3/NISO-ODI-Survey-Report-GenAI-an%5B%E2%80%A6%5Dgust2025.pdf?rlkey=4qlcvtj3ji55umugugk9flmjv&e=1&st=dgfxekb8&dl=0

Library Policies and Patron Use Studies

This latest research describes the status of library-related policymaking and patrons’ library usage across the U.S. The summary compiles an eye-opening stack of bills that have been passed, enacted, vetoed, or left to wither on the vine. The document also details how coalitions are forming in support of intellectual freedom nationwide.

A separate report indicates that library visits and print circulation have declined more than 50% since 2011, while digital circulation has risen from 8% to 45% in the past decade. Though digital is up, the report also attests that patron demand for “more nonfiction and more backlist” print titles is going unmet. The report observed “no diminution in people’s need for reading” in the U.S., with 80–85% of respondents borrowing print and digital material. The data indicated that “the overwhelming use of libraries is for reading” and “contrary to general belief, there is a relatively small number of users of programs and services,” a topic worthy of closer investigation in case program participation or community service is underreported.

EveryLibrary. (2025). Codifying Censorship or Reclaiming Rights? The State-by-State 2025 Legislative Landscape for Libraries. Author. https://www.everylibrary.org/state_by_state_2025_legislative_landscape_report

Coates, T. (2025). Freckle Project. Tim Coates Books. https://www.everylibraryinstitute.org/freckle_project_surveys_reports

Student Use of ChatGPT Research

 Recent research from MIT scientists compared the brain activity of students who used ChatGPT when writing to those who did not. The team's findings suggest that using ChatGPT resulted in less brain activity and inferior writing for students. However, “We didn't find any brain rot,” says Nataliya Kosmyna, a research scientist at MIT Media Lab.

Kosyna, N. (2025). Your brain on ChatGPT. Arvix. 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.08872

Teen and Teacher Use of AI Studies

A recent report investigated how American teens ages 13 to 17 are engaging with AI companions, based on a nationally representative survey of 1,060 teens conducted in April and May 2025. Notably, a third of teens reported using AI companions for social interaction and relationship support.

Talk, Trust, and Trade-Offs: How and Why Teens Use AI Companions. (2025). Common Sense Media. https://www.commonsensemedia.org/sites/default/files/research/report/talk-trust-and-trade-offs_2025_web.pdf

 

A recent report highlights how AI tools are reshaping teachers’ workloads, boosting instructional quality, and increasing classroom optimism. According to the findings, 60% of teachers used AI tools during the 2024–25 school year, with regular weekly users saving nearly six hours per week, time they redirected toward personalized teaching, more detailed student feedback, and improved communication with parents. They found that teachers who engage with AI more frequently tend to see more potential for AI tools in education.

Teaching for Tomorrow: Unlocking Six Weeks a Year With AI. (2025). Gallup/Walton Family Foundation. https://www.gallup.com/analytics/659819/k-12-teacher-research.aspx

Preteen mental health and social media study

 A new survey of 11- to 13-year-olds looks at how cellphones and social media affect kids’ mental health—and finds that certain behaviors are more associated with adverse outcomes. While  78% of respondents said they have their own smartphone, and 99% said they often use at least one kind of electronic device, owning or using these devices isn't the problem: pub Children who post publicly posting and sharing online even occasionally are more likely than their peers to report feeling depressed and anxious and get too little sleep. Professor Sharon Hoover stated, “The takeaways for schools are that, yes, the use of phones, including social media use, impacts kids’ mental health and that schools really do have a role to play in terms of digital literacy and ensuring kids are set up with proper knowledge and guardrails around these things.” Digital literacy is to safer phone and social media use.

Martin, J. D., Song, S. W., Rote, W. R., Bakour, C., Rance, L. T., Scacco, J. M., & Marcus, S. (2025). The Life in Media Survey: A baseline study of digital media use and well-being among 11- to 13-year-olds. Researchers at the University in South Florida in collaboration with The Harris Poll. Retrieved from lifeinmediasurvey.org

Book format ROI study

This 2025 study focused on bestsellers and other notable books to provide a fairly accurate picture of what librarians face when selecting and maintaining digital content. In comparing print and ebook formats, researchers found that “The data forces us to conclude, reluctantly, that not only does print still offer libraries a far better bang-per-book than digital, but that for most popular titles, digital collections are becoming increasingly difficult to sustain. Some smaller and independent publishers are, however, now more likely to be present in the market and offer some hope for long-term and cost-effective holdings.”

Blackwell, M. et al. (2025). Ebook availability, licensing, and pricing in Canada and the U.S. Computers in Libraries, 45(6).

https://www.infotoday.com/cilmag/jul25/Blackwell-Halperin-Mason-Parker--Ebook-Availability-Licensing-and-Pricing-in-Canada-and-the-US-A-Follow-Up-Study.shtml

Trends in YA literacy study

 Despite its name, the young adult genre is increasingly dominated by stories about older teens and even adults. But as protagonists get older, younger readers are getting left behind, a University of Mississippi study indicates.

Ally Watkins. (2025). Is Popular Young Adult Literature Aging Up?, New Review of Children's Literature and Librarianship.  DOI: 10.1080/13614541.2025.2513193

http://schoollibraryjournal.com/story/6-Grant-Opportunities-School-Libraries

Student Achievement and Teacher Librarians Study

“This study found that students were more likely to meet or exceed English Language Arts and Literacy (ELA) standards when their schools had credentialed teacher librarians (TLs), TLs serving a single school, and school library staff who engaged in certain specific activities, including managing their library collections and supporting literacy teaching. With rare exceptions, relationships between library staffing levels and staff activities and ELA performance levels persisted regardless of the gender, race/ethnicity, or socioeconomic status of students.” (Lance & Gerrity). 

Lance, K., & Gerrity, C. (2025). Contributions of California teacher librarians to student achievement. Learning Hub, 1(2). https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/learning-hub/vol1/iss2/3/ 

College Readiness Study

The First Years Meet the Frames project investigates the influence of high school librarians on first-year college students' readiness for academic research, particularly amidst a national decline in school librarian positions. The project seeks to understand how information literacy skills acquired during K-12 education affect college students' academic performance, revealing significant gaps in research preparedness and addressing equity issues in access to information resources. Future studies will continue to explore the impact of librarianship on student learning outcomes and the necessity of collaboration between high school and academic librarians.

Valenza, J., & Dempsey, J. (2022). What's in a frame? Perspectives of high school librarians and first-year college students. College & Research Libraries News. https://doi.org/10.5860/CRLN.83.9.393

Eresource censorship study

A recent study examined censorship of e-resources used by students for classroom research. It details the targeting of educational databases and the rise of legal challenges against libraries, reminding readers to look beyond the print books that are the tangible symbols of the freedom to read. False or unsubstantiated accusations of obscenity leveled at libraries foment fears of legal risk, sometimes resulting in the so-called soft censorship of e-resources, in which digital content providers or libraries apply system-wide filters and “stopwords” that block results from a user’s search.

Reed, M., & Halper, J. (2025).  Neo-censorship in U.S. Libraries: An investigation into digital content suppression. Library Futures.  

https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/libraries/article/97237-library-futures-investigates-content-bans-in-research-databases.html

Social media relationship study

 A new study found that when young people reframe their relationship with social media, they reduce its negative impact on their mental health. "It's not just about the total amount of time you use social media," says Amori Yee Mikami, the study’s lead author. "It's also about what you're doing on social media.” (from Tech & Learning).

Mikami, A. Y., Khalis, A., & Karasavva, V. (2025). Logging out or leaning in? Social media strategies for enhancing well-being.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 154(1), 171–189. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001668

AI and Screen Media Use Study

 A survey by Common Sense Media reveals that nearly one-third of children age 8 and younger use AI for school-related learning, with 23% of parents noting a mostly positive impact. The study also highlights that children spend an average of 2.5 hours daily on screen media, with a significant increase in gaming since 2020.

Among parents who said their child has used AI tools, 23% said the impact of AI on their child's understanding of school-related material was mostly positive. Fifty-five percent said AI had no impact at all; 16% reported both positive and negative impacts; and 5% called the impact mostly negative.

Other findings from the survey include:

• Children aged 8 and younger spend about two-and-a-half hours a day with screen media. Sixty percent of that time is spent on TV/video viewing; 26% on gaming. Just 1% of screen time is spent on homework.
• Gaming time has increased by 65% since 2020, while TV/video viewing has fallen by 18%. Within that TV/video category, short-form video platforms like TikTok, Instagram Reels, and YouTube Shorts are on the rise.
• By age 2, 40% of children have their own tablet. By age 4, that number goes up to 58%.
• By age 8, one in four children have their own cell phone.
• Roughly one in five children use devices for comfort, meal times, or to fall asleep. (https://thejournal.com/Articles/2025/03/11/Research-1-in-3-Kids-Use-AI-for-Learning.aspx)

The 2025 Common Sense Census: Media Use by Kids Zero to Eight. (2025). Common Sense Media. https://www.commonsensemedia.org/research/the-2025-common-sense-census-media-use-by-kids-zero-to-eight

Diversity in Librarianship Study

 A new study highlights areas of growth for improving diversity across the library field. The study draws on qualitative research from 50 library professionals representing various genders, race, tenures, ages, and geography.

"Seven key findings emerged:

1. For library professionals, “diversity” is a complex term. Understanding its nuances can help focus and advance the diversification of librarianship.
2. Increasing awareness and education about librarianship can create a stronger foundation — and, theoretically, a more diverse pipeline — for the future of the profession.
3. Mentorship is invaluable. Developing more and larger networks of mentorship can support librarians and break down navigational challenges that traditionally — and disproportionately — impact underrepresented communities.
4. Creating a positive workplace culture and providing managerial training can strengthen onboarding experiences, foster inclusion and encourage culture change within libraries.
5. Librarians need support from leadership, both from their direct supervisors and their institutions.
6. Professional development and compensation must be considered when evaluating retention efforts.
7. Future diversity efforts should consider both micro- and macro-level approaches. Micro-level approaches follow a bottom-up framing with support from individuals and local-level libraries. Macro-level approaches rely on a top-down framing with more organizational and institutional support."

American Library Association and Gallup. (2025). Empowering voices, inspiring change: Advancing diversity within librarianship. American Library Association. https://www.ala.org/news/2025/02/american-library-association-and-gallup-release-new-diversity-study