Video Games Representations of Race, Gender, and Age

In this study, a large-scale content analysis of characters in video games was employed to answer questions about their representations of gender, race and age in comparison to the US population. The study was conducted in a manner in which the results were able to be analyzed in proportion to the games that were actually played by the public, and thus allowed the first statements able to be generalized about the content of popular video games. The results show a systematic over-representation of males, white and adults and a systematic under-representation of females, Hispanics, Native Americans, children and the elderly. Overall, the results are similar to those found in television research. The implications for identity, cognitive models, cultivation and game research are discussed.

Williams, D., Martins, N., Consalvo, M., & Ivory, J. D. (2009). The virtual census: representations of gender, race and age in video games. New Media and Society, 11(5), 815-834. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444809105354.

Technology Ownership in United States

According to a study by the Pew Research Center, the number of Americans ages 16 and older who own tablet computers has grown to 35%, and the share who have e-reading devices like Kindles and Nooks has grown to 24%. Overall, the number of people who have a tablet or an e-book reader among those 16 and older now stands at 43%. Those who own the devices are especially likely to live in upper-income households and have relatively high levels of education. In addition, women are more likely than men to own e-readers. This has also been true in our earlier surveys, including one in May that produced similar results.

Rainie, L., & Smith, A. (2013). Tablet and e-reader ownership update. Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center. http://www.pewinternet.org/2013/10/18/tablet-and-e-reader-ownership-update/